1. INTRODUCTION:

India has one of the world’s oldest medical systems, which relies on making herbal medicines. The Vedas, ancient Indian holy texts, talk about the use of plants in herbal treatments. Ayurveda and Unani are two traditional healing methods that use natural products and herbs to treat different health problems. While herbal remedies may seem new to many in the Western world, most medicines today still include plant extracts.¹

1.1 Herbal cosmetics, also called natural cosmetics, are used to clean and improve the skin.

The best thing about herbal cosmetics is that they are safe and don’t cause side effects. They also provide nutrients and minerals that are good for the body. The health of your skin and hair depends on your habits, daily routine, weather, and how well you take care of yourself. In summer, too much heat can dry out your skin, causing wrinkles, spots, and sunburn. In winter, the cold can cause skin to crack, get cuts, or develop infections.²

Facewash is a product used to clean the face without making it dry. It is also called a “cleanser.” Face washes are suitable for all skin types and help remove dirt and oil while keeping the skin moisturized.

Both face washes and cleansers are used to clean the face by removing dirt, oil, and pollution. Cleansers are better at removing makeup and oily impurities, but face washes can clean the skin well too, though not always 100% effectively.

Since facial skin is delicate, regular soap can dry it out. Face wash is a gentle cleanser that keeps the skin clean, free from germs, smooth, fresh, and moisturized without being harsh. This helps the skin look young and healthy.³

1.1.1 Ideal properties of herbals face wash:

· It contains natural ingredients using botanical extracts, essential oils, and herbs known for their skin-nourishing properties.

· The product should be eco-friendly.

· Maintaining the skin’s natural pH balance to prevent irritation and dryness.

· Providing hydration to keep the skin moisturized and supple.

· Offering protection against environmental damage with antioxidants to combat free radicals.

· Soothing and calming.

· Preventing clogged pores to reduce the risk of acne and breakouts.

· Being ethically produced without animal testing and free from animal-derived ingredients.

· Using eco-friendly packaging materials to minimize environmental impact⁴.

1.1.2 Advantages of Herbal face wash:

· Its guides in the evacuation of dead skin cells, permitting new skin cells to supplent the old.

· It also aids in the maintenance of skin freshness and health.

· Its gives the skin a radiant appearance dead skin cell and excess oil black pores, resulting in acne whiteheads, black heads.

· By removing dead skin cells, your skin will age and wrinkles at a slower rate. It helps to removes dead skin cell that helps new skin cells replace old one.

· It makes the skin to look radiant.

· Removing dead skin cell that make your skin will develop wrinkles at a slower pace.⁵

2. Acne:

Acne is a common skin condition that most people experience at some point in their lives. It is more common during teenage years but can also affect adults in their 20s and 30s. There are five main types of acne: comedonal, pustular, cystic, nodular, and popular. Comedonal acne includes whiteheads (small white bumps) and blackheads (open pores with dark spots caused by oil, melanin, and dead skin). Papules are small red bumps less than 5mm, while pustules are spots filled with pus. Nodules are large, firm lumps deeper in the skin, and cysts are softer bumps that are usually smaller than nodules. Acne can be caused by factors like clogged pores, increased oil production due to hormones, and bacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis.⁶

2.1 Types of acne:

2.1.1 Acne Vulgaris:

The most common type of acne, called acne vulgaris, usually affects people from puberty to young adulthood. It causes oily skin, blackheads, whiteheads, nodules, papules, pustules, and cysts. This type of acne often appears in areas with a lot of hair growth, such as the face, upper chest, back, and legs. It happens when the sebaceous glands become clogged and infected.⁷

Acne vulgaris is a very common skin condition that almost everyone experiences at least once in their life. It is most common during the teenage years, but many men and women in their 20s and 30s are also affected.⁸

Common types of acne in this group include:

· Grain black head: Blackheads are open pores filled with oil and dead skin cells. Despite common myths, they do not contain dirt. Their black or dark brown color comes from the oxidation of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color.⁹

· White grain head: Whiteheads are closed pores filled with oil, where the surface is covered by skin cells, making them appear white. They are similar to blackheads in some ways, including how they are treated.⁹

· Papules: Papules are red, swollen bumps on the skin that don’t have whiteheads. They can appear on the neck, shoulders, back, and chest. They form when clogged hair follicles burst, spreading bacteria and waste into deeper layers of the skin.⁹

· Red pustules: Pimples are common and usually appear as red spots with white or yellow heads. They can range from small to large. Pimples develop from papules and spread to the same areas where the papules were. This happens because the body's immune system fights the bacteria in the papules. Squeezing or popping pimples can make things worse.⁹

· Nodules: Nodules are large, painful lumps under the skin caused by deep inflammation. They are similar to red pimples but are deeper and more serious. Nodules need special treatment from a dermatologist, and regular medications.⁹

· Cystic lesion: Cystic acne is the most severe and painful type of pimple. It forms deep under the skin and can cover a large area. The body creates a protective layer around it to stop the inflammation from spreading to the surrounding skin.⁹

2.1.2 Acne Conglobata: Acne conglobata is a severe form of acne vulgaris that causes large, interconnected lesions and blackheads. It is most common in males aged 18 to 30 and can result in permanent skin damage. This type of acne often appears on the face, back, chest, upper arms, and thighs. It is typically treated with strong medications like Accutane, and anyone with this condition should consult a dermatologist for proper treatment.⁸

Fig. 1 Types of Pimples

2.1.3 Acne Fulminans: Acne fulminans, also called acne maligna, is a rare and severe form of acne that causes painful, ulcerated sores and deep scarring. It usually starts suddenly and affects the whole body, with symptoms varying from person to person. This type of acne can be accompanied by joint pain and fever. It does not respond well to regular acne treatments like antibiotics but may improve with oral steroids or Accutane.⁸

2.1.4 Gram-Negative Folliculitis: Gram-Negative Folliculitis is a rare bacterial skin infection that causes cysts and pus-filled bumps. Some dermatologists think it may develop as a side effect of using antibiotics for a long time to treat acne. Although not much is known about this condition, Accutane appears to be a helpful treatment.¹⁰

2.1.5 Acne Rosacea: Acne Rosacea is often mistaken for acne vulgaris because they look similar, but it is a distinct skin condition that affects millions worldwide. It typically appears as a red rash on the nose, cheeks, chin, and forehead, often accompanied by pimples, bumps, and blemishes, but without blackheads. If left untreated, rosacea can cause facial swelling. Since many traditional acne treatments can worsen rosacea, it is important for people with this condition to seek treatment from a dermatologist. ¹⁰

2.1.6 Pyoderma Faciale (Rosacea Fulminans): Pyoderma faciale is a severe type of acne that only occurs in females. It appears suddenly and is limited to the face, causing large, painful nodules, sores, and pustules. It can develop even in women who have never had acne before. Treatment often includes corticosteroid injections and Accutane. If left untreated, this condition can lead to severe scarring.¹⁰

2.2 PATHOGENESIS OF ACNE:

Acne develops due to several factors, including increased oil production, changes in the quality of skin oils, hormone activity, the growth of a bacteria called Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) in hair follicles, and thickening of the skin inside the follicles. More oil production contributes to acne, as the oils play important roles in the body’s signals and biological processes. These oils can have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. When certain pathways are triggered in skin cells, they produce more inflammatory oils. Hormones, like androgens, control the size of the sebaceous glands and the amount of oil they produce. Androgens encourage skin cells to grow, while other molecules help the cells develop and produce oil. These changes lead to inflammation, follicle rupture, and the formation of painful bumps under the skin. The four main factors that contribute to acne are:

· Overgrowth of skin cells, causing blockages in hair follicles.

· Excess oil production.

· The presence and activity of the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes.

· Inflammation.¹¹ Fig no. 2 It can be shown the basic mechanism involved in the acne pathogens.

Fig. 2 Basic mechanisms involved in the acne pathogens

2.2 EPIDEMIOLOGY:

In 2010, it was reported that about 9.4% of the population has acne. Around 90% of teenagers experience it, and it can also affect adults. About 20% of people have moderate to severe acne. Acne is less common in rural areas and is rarely seen in non-westernized populations in places like Paraguay and Papua New Guinea. It is slightly more common in females (9.8%) than in males (9.0%). Among people over 40, about 1% of men and 5% of women have acne problems. Acne can affect people of all ethnic backgrounds, and it’s not clear if race influences the rates of the condition. In the United States, acne affects 40 to 50 million people (around 16% of the population), while in Australia, it affects about 3 to 5 million people (about 23%). In the U.S., acne tends to be more severe in Caucasians than in people of African descent.¹¹

2.3 CAUSES OF ACNE :

During puberty your skin gets oilier. This can cause pimples. There are many myths about cause of acnes,

· Hormonal changes: These can happen during puberty or pregnancy, increasing the risk of acne.

· Certain medications: Pills like birth control or corticosteroids can trigger acne.

· Diet: Eating too much refined sugar or carbs (like bread and chips) can contribute to acne.

· Puberty: Teenagers are most at risk for acne because of hormonal changes that trigger oil production, leading to acne. This usually gets better as they grow older.

· Acne types: Acne can appear as whiteheads, blackheads, small bumps, nodules, or cysts.

· Hormonal fluctuations in women: Hormones can change during menstruation, making acne worse.

· Picking or pressing acne: This can irritate acne and make it worse.

· Pressure on the face: Wearing hats, helmets, or other clothing that presses on acne can worsen it.

· Unhealthy foods: While pizza, fried foods, and junk food don’t directly cause acne, they’re not good for overall health.

· Washing the skin too much: Over-washing can irritate the skin and make acne worse.

It’s better to wash gently.

· Genetics: Acne can run in families and may be worsened by family history.

· Pressure from clothing: Things like chin straps, collars, or suspenders can make acne worse.

· Certain medications: Some drugs, like those containing iodides or steroids, can cause or worsen acne.

· Job-related exposure: People in certain jobs may be exposed to industrial products that trigger acne.

· Cosmetics: Some makeup or skin-care products can clog pores and cause acne. Waterbased products are usually better for people with acne.

· Rosacea: This is a condition with pimples (but no blackheads) that causes redness on the face, mainly in people aged 30 to 40.

· Razor bumps: If people with acne shave, they may develop tender bumps known as razor bumps.¹²

3 Crude Drugs Used In Preparation Of Anti Acne Herbal Facewash:

3.1 Aloe vera:

Fig. 3 Aloe Vera

SYNONYMS: Aloe Vera

BOTANICAL NAME: Aloe barbandesis miller

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: Aloe Vera is obtained from the dried juice of the leaves of aloe barbadensis Miller known as Curacao Aloes.

KINGDOM: Plantae

ORDER: Asparagus

FAMILY: Asphodelaceae

SPECIES: Aloe vera

GENUS: Aloe

Active components of Aloe Vera:

Aloe vera contains about 75 active ingredients, including vitamins, enzymes, minerals, carbohydrates, and other compounds. It has antioxidant vitamins like A (beta-carotene), C, and E, as well as vitamin B12, folic acid, and choline.¹³

The use of aloe vera on the face is beneficial because of its:

• Anti-inflammatory properties that help in relieve pain, swelling and pain in wounds and promote formation and release of collagen.

• It reduces the time needed to recover from first- and second-degree burns.

• It is a reliable source for the treatment of bacterial and fungal diseases.

• Its physical effects must not be absorption, but rinsing of the skin and opening the pores.

• After application, a thin layer of emollient should remain on the skin.

• It has an antioxidant property that can aid in the repair of UV damage and slow down the aging process of the skin.

• It protects the skin from the harmful effects of radiotherapy.

• It contains 98% water, which hydrates, soothes, and hydrates the skin.

• It makes the skin more supple instead of stiff and hard. ^

• It soothes rashes and sunburns by cooling. ¹³

3.2. CUSTARD APPLES:

Fig. 4 custard apple

SYNONYMS: Sitaphal, Sugar apple, Sweetsop etc.

BOTANICAL NAME: Annona Squamosa

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: It's is obtained from the plant of Annona Squamosa plants such as its barks, root, leaf, Stem, fruits, etc.

KINGDOM: Plantae

ORDER: Mangnoliids

FAMILY: Annonaceae

SPECIES: A. reticulate

GENUS: Annon ¹⁴

Chemical Ingredients:

Custard apples contain compounds like glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, amino acids, and other chemicals like anonaine, aporphine, and coryeline^.14,15

Uses of Custard Apple for Skin:

• Good for skin rejuvenation: Custard apples are not just delicious, but they’re also great for your skin. They have vitamins A, C, B, and antioxidants that help keep your skin fresh and healthy.

• Heals skin infections naturally: A paste made from custard apples can help treat wounds, ulcers, abscesses, and boils. The vitamin C in them helps with healing and the formation of skin tissue.

• Prevents skin cancer: The acetogenin compounds in custard apples may help remove early skin cancer signs and prevent skin cancer from developing.

• Reduces pigmentation: Custard apples can help lighten dark spots and reduce pigmentation by preventing melanin from clumping together. They also help reverse pigmentation caused by free radicals. Good for pimples: Eating custard apples can reduce excess oil production, helping control acne and pimples. Their anti-inflammatory properties fight acne and keep pores clear, preventing future breakouts.

• Natural detoxifier: Custard apples are full of fiber and antioxidants, which help cleanse the body. Regularly eating them helps remove toxins, leading to healthier, glowing skin. ¹⁵

3.3. LEMON:

Fig. 5 LEMON

SYNONYMS: Lemon

BOTANICAL NAME: Citrus lemon

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: The biological source of lemons is the lemon tree, Citrus limon,

KINGDOM: Plantae

ORDER: Sapindales

FAMILY: Rutaceae

SUB FAMILY: Aurantioideae

SPECIES: Citrus lemon

GENUS: Citrus ¹⁶

Lemon, also known as citrus lemon, is a fruit from the rue family that grows on a small tree or bush. Lemon juice is commonly used in pastries and sweets like tarts and lemon meringue pie.

Active Ingredients:

Citric acid, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), minerals, flavonoids, and essential oils.

Uses of Lemon for Skin:

· Lightens skin and reduces blemishes: Lemon can help brighten the skin and fade dark spots.

· Treats acne and pimples: It is effective in reducing acne and pimples.

· Natural pH adjuster: Lemon is often used in cosmetics to help balance the skin's pH. ¹⁶

3.4. PEEPAL TREE:

Fig.6: Peepal Tree

SYNONYMS: Bodhi tree, peepul tree, peepal tree, pipala tree or ashvattha tree.

BOTANICAL NAME: Ficus religiosa or sacred fig

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: The biological source of the peepal tree is Ficus religiosa, a species of fig in the Moraceae family.

KINGDOM: Plantae

ORDER: Rosales

FAMILY: Moracea

SPECIES: Ficus religiosa L.

GENUS: Ficu ¹⁷

Chemical Components:

Peepal tree contains phenols, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, β-sitosteryl, n-octacosanol, methyl oleanolate, lanosterol, stigmasterol, and lupen-3-one.

Uses of Peepal for Skin:

Skin treatment:

Peepal tree shoots are used to treat various skin problems. Different parts of the tree have anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties, which help with skin issues.

Bark:

The bark of the Peepal tree is brown, thick, and rough, and it is rich in vitamin K. It helps improve skin health in many ways.

Leaves:

The extract from the leaves can improve dull skin tone, balance complexion, and help heal bruises, pigmentation, acne, and scars.

Traditional use:

Peepal tree is used in traditional medicine for treating a wide range of health issues, including asthma, diabetes, digestive problems, and more.

Tree trunk:

Farmers use the trunk of the Peepal tree as a soil leveler after harvesting seeds by attaching it to tractors to level the soil.¹⁸

3.5 Rose Water:

Fig .7 Rose Water

Active Components of Rose Water:

Rose water is full of vitamins A, C, E, and B, and has anti-inflammatory properties.

Benefits of Rose Water for the Face:

· Balances skin oils: Helps maintain the skin’s natural oil balance.

· Reduces redness: Can help reduce temporary redness on the skin.

· Natural hydration: Provides moisture to the skin.

· Antioxidant properties: Protects the skin from damage with antioxidants.

· Prevents fine lines and wrinkles: Helps keep skin smooth and youthful.

· Unclogs pores: Helps clear pores and makes the skin look smoother.

· Reduces large pores: Can make pores appear smaller.

· Removes impurities: Cleanses the skin and prepares it for other skincare treatments.¹³

3.6 NEEM:

Fig. 8 NEEM

SYNONYMES: Neem, Margosa, Nimba , Indian Lilac

BOTANICAL NAME: Azadirachta indica

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: The Biological source of neem is the Azadirachta Indica Tree.

KINGDOM: Plantae

ORDER: Sapindales

FAMILY: Meliaceae

SPECIES: Azadirachta Indica

GENUS: Azadirachta

Active Components of Neem:

Neem leaves contain ingredients like Nimbin, Nimbanene, 6desacetylnimbinene, Nimbandiole, Nimbolide, Ascorbic Acid, n-hexacosanol, amino acids, and Nibiol.¹³

Uses of Neem for Skin:

· Heals wounds: Helps speed up the healing of cuts and wounds.

· Reduces scars: Helps to fade scars on the skin.

· Treats dry skin and wrinkles: Moisturizes dry skin and reduces the appearance of wrinkles.

· Purifies the blood: Helps cleanse the blood, which can improve skin health.

· Soothes irritated skin: Calms inflamed and irritated skin.

· Improves skin tone: Helps even out skin tone.

· Fights signs of aging: Helps reduce the signs of early aging like fine lines and wrinkles.  Moisturizes the skin: Keeps the skin hydrated and soft. ^13,19

3.7 MANJISHTHA:

Fig. 9 Manjishtha root

SYNONYMS: Arook, Indian madder, Manjisth, Munjeet, Rubia root, Runas, Somanga, Kalameshika

BOTANICAL NAMES: Rubia Cordifolia

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: The biological source of the manjishtha is the dried root of the Rubia Cordifolia.

KINGDOM: Plantea

ORDER: Rubiales

FAMILY: Rubiaceae

SPECIES: Cordifolia

GENUS: Rubia

Active components of manjishtha:

Chemically, it contains glucosides called manjisthin and purpurin, along with resin, lime salts, and coloring agents. It also contains xanthopupurin and pseudopurpurin. ²⁰

USES OF MANJISHTHA FOR SKIN:

· Anti-inflammatory Action: Manjistha has strong anti-inflammatory properties that help calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and treat skin conditions like acne and eczema.

· Detoxification and Purification: Manjistha is a powerful blood purifier that helps remove toxins from the body, leading to clearer skin. By cleaning the blood, it helps treat the root causes of skin problems. ²¹

· Delays Signs of Ageing: The flavonoids in Manjistha have strong antioxidant effects, which protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals and help prevent early aging. Manjistha also slows down aging by neutralizing free radicals and boosting collagen production. Collagen is a protein that keeps our skin firm and elastic, and Manjistha helps maintain healthy collagen levels to keep the skin looking young.

· Manjistha for Acne: Manjistha is effective in treating acne because of its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps reduce acne inflammation and fights the bacteria that cause it. It also helps control oil production and can reduce the appearance of acne scars.

· Manjistha for Vitiligo: Vitiligo is a skin condition where patches of skin lose their color. Manjistha helps bring back the skin's natural color and prevents the condition from getting worse, promoting healthier skin. Its antioxidant properties also help reduce oxidative stress, which may contribute to the spread of vitiligo.

· Manjistha for Skin Whitening: Manjistha is often used for brightening the skin and evening out skin tone. However, the idea of "skin whitening" can be misleading. Instead of trying to lighten the skin, it's better to focus on having healthy, glowing skin.²²

3.8 LODHARA:

Fig. 10 Lodhara

SYNONYMES: Symplocos bark, lodhtree, lodha, bodhra, vellilathi, Rodhra, Pachotti, Tirita

BOTANICAL NAMES: Symplocos racemosa Roxb

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: It is obtained from bark of the symplocos racemos Roxb.

KINGDOM: Plantea

ORDER: Eri cales

FAMILY: Symplocaceae

SPECIES: Symplocos racemosa

GENUS: Symplocos

Active components of Lodhara:

It contains several flavonoids and glucosides, such as symplocosides, symposides, leucopelargonidine-3-glucosides, ellagic acid, rhamnetin-3digalactosides, betulin, and linoleic acid.²³

Uses of Lodhara for Skin:

· Lodhara is good for treating skin issues.

· It nourishes the skin and helps treat acne, wrinkles, and other skin problems.

· It can lighten the skin.

· It reduces skin irritation.

· It is effective in treating acne, wrinkles, and other skin concerns. ²⁴

4. HERBAL INGREDIENTS AND THEIR PROPERTIES:

Table 1: List of ingredients:

Sr.No.	Ingredients	Properties
1	Peepal tree leaves extract	Excellent for oily and acne-prone skin, it is antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory, and antiseptic.
2	Custard apple leaves extract	Antibacterial, antifungal and It protects the skin from many skin infections and also adds glow to the face.
3	Aloe Vera	Antioxidants
4	Lemon	To lighten skin and reduce blemish marks on the skin. It also quite effective for treating acne and pimples as a natural pH adjuster in cosmetics
5	Rose Water	Used as solvent; it also has antibacterial and antiseptic properties which eventually cure acne
6	Neem	Antifungal, antibacterial, and It gives the face radiance and shields the skin from several illnesses.
7	Manjishtha	Antifungal, antibacterial, and It gives the face radiance and shields the skin from several illnesses.
8	Lodhara	Anti-inflammatory, Antibacterial, Antimicrobial, Astringent

5. Method of herbal facewash preparation:

• First, different batches of the mixture will be made according to the plan. The right amount of the gelling agent, Xanthum gum, will be carefully measured and mixed while stirring gently to avoid trapping air.

• The mixture will then be left to soak overnight in hot rose water (not over 60°C), which will make up 50% of the batch.

• Next, aloe vera gel will be added in the right amount, along with the necessary lemon juice, by gently mixing them.

• The required herbal extracts will be added to the rest of the rose water and carefully mixed with the Aloe vera Gel mixture prepared earlier.

• Finally, everything will be blended with the gel mixture that soaked overnight. The finished product will be poured into containers, and testing will be done to evaluate the mixture.²⁵

6 Evaluation parameters of formulation:

6.1 Colour Examination: The prepared face wash will be placed on a watch glass. The colour will be observed by the naked eye.²⁶

6.2 Odour Examination: The prepared face wash will be taken and smelled. The odor will then be observed.²⁶

6.3 Washability: The formulations will be applied to the skin, and the ease and extent of washing with water will be checked manually.²⁶

6.4 Foamability Test: A small amount of face wash gel will be taken in a beaker containing water. The initial volume will be noted, and the beaker will be shaken for 10 minutes. The final volume will then be noted, and foam will be observed.²⁶

6.5 Spreadability: The spreadability of the formulations will be assessed manually by applying the gel on the skin with a gentle rub.²⁶

6.6 pH: The pH of the formulation in a 1% aqueous solution will be measured using blue litmus paper at a constant temperature.²⁷

6.7 Gritiness: The preparation will be evaluated through microscopic examination below 40x magnification to check for the appearance of any fine particles or aggregates.²⁷

6.8 Viscosity: The developed gel will be measured using a Brookfield viscometer with spindle 7 at 50 revolutions per minute and 25 degrees Celsius. The corresponding dial reading on the viscometer will be recorded.²⁷

7 CONCLUSION:

The review of the Anti-Acne Herbal Facewash highlights its effectiveness in addressing acne-prone skin. It is praised for its natural, herbal ingredients, which are gentle on the skin while helping to reduce acne breakouts and control excess oil. There are many synthetic skin products available in the market, but they often have side effects. Herbal products, on the other hand, are safe and effective for treating skin problems and are easily available. Herbal products are becoming more popular and in demand. The aim of this review is to study on the ingredients of a multi-herbal face wash for acne. These herbal ingredients have antibacterial, anti-acne, anti-aging, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, which help improve skin glow and beauty, in addition to treating skin conditions. The anti-acne herbal ingredients more effective, stable, and powerful compared to synthetic products for treating skin problems.

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Received on 27.04.2025 Revised on 14.08.2025

Accepted on 31.10.2025 Published on 18.04.2026

Available online from April 25, 2026

Research J. Topical and Cosmetic Sci. 2026; 17(1):89-97.

DOI: 10.52711/2321-5844.2026.00015

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